initial commit

backend/app/core/engine/clean.py

@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+import pandas as pd
+import numpy as np
+from sklearn.ensemble import IsolationForest
+from typing import List, Dict, Any
+
+def detect_univariate_outliers(df: pd.DataFrame, columns: List[str], excluded_indices: List[int] = None) -> Dict[int, List[str]]:
+    """
+    Detects outliers in specific numeric columns using the Interquartile Range (IQR) method.
+
+    Args:
+        df: Input DataFrame
+        columns: List of column names to analyze
+        excluded_indices: List of row indices to exclude from detection
+
+    Returns:
+        Dictionary of {original_row_index: [reasons]}
+    """
+    # Exclude specified rows if provided
+    if excluded_indices:
+        df = df[~df.index.isin(excluded_indices)]
+
+    outliers = {}
+    for col in columns:
+        if col not in df.columns:
+            continue
+
+        s = pd.to_numeric(df[col], errors='coerce')
+        q1 = s.quantile(0.25)
+        q3 = s.quantile(0.75)
+        iqr = q3 - q1
+        lower_bound = q1 - 1.5 * iqr
+        upper_bound = q3 + 1.5 * iqr
+
+        flags = (s < lower_bound) | (s > upper_bound)
+        indices = df.index[flags].tolist()
+
+        for idx in indices:
+            val = df.at[idx, col]
+            reason = f"Column '{col}' value {val} is outside IQR bounds [{lower_bound:.2f}, {upper_bound:.2f}]"
+            if idx not in outliers:
+                outliers[idx] = []
+            outliers[idx].append(reason)
+
+    return outliers
+
+def detect_multivariate_outliers(df: pd.DataFrame, columns: List[str], excluded_indices: List[int] = None) -> Dict[int, List[str]]:
+    """
+    Detects anomalies across multiple numeric columns using Isolation Forest.
+
+    Args:
+        df: Input DataFrame
+        columns: List of column names to analyze
+        excluded_indices: List of row indices to exclude from detection (already filtered out)
+
+    Returns:
+        Dictionary of {original_row_index: [reasons]}
+    """
+    # Store original indices
+    original_indices = df.index.tolist()
+
+    # Exclude specified rows if provided
+    if excluded_indices:
+        df = df[~df.index.isin(excluded_indices)]
+
+    # Select only relevant numeric columns
+    numeric_df = df[columns].apply(pd.to_numeric, errors='coerce')
+
+    if numeric_df.empty:
+        return {}
+
+    # Get rows with all values present (no NaNs in selected columns)
+    valid_mask = numeric_df.notna().all(axis=1)
+    numeric_df_clean = numeric_df[valid_mask]
+
+    if numeric_df_clean.empty:
+        return {}
+
+    # Fit Isolation Forest
+    model = IsolationForest(contamination='auto', random_state=42)
+    preds = model.fit_predict(numeric_df_clean)
+
+    # IsolationForest returns -1 for outliers
+    # Get the indices from the clean DataFrame (these are the original indices)
+    outlier_indices = numeric_df_clean.index[preds == -1].tolist()
+
+    return {int(idx): ["Multivariate anomaly detected by Isolation Forest"] for idx in outlier_indices}
+
+def merge_outliers(uni: Dict[int, List[str]], multi: Dict[int, List[str]]) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+    """
+    Merges results into a flat list of outlier objects.
+    DEPRECATED: Use merge_outliers_structured instead for better type separation.
+    """
+    all_indices = set(uni.keys()) | set(multi.keys())
+    results = []
+
+    for idx in sorted(all_indices):
+        reasons = uni.get(idx, []) + multi.get(idx, [])
+        results.append({
+            "index": int(idx),
+            "reasons": reasons
+        })
+
+    return results
+
+def merge_outliers_structured(uni: Dict[int, List[str]], multi: Dict[int, List[str]]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    """
+    Merges and separates outliers by type for better frontend handling.
+
+    Returns:
+        Dictionary with:
+        - 'univariate': Dict mapping column names to their specific outliers
+        - 'multivariate': List of outliers that affect multiple columns
+        - 'all': Flat list of all outliers (for backwards compatibility)
+
+    This structure allows the frontend to:
+    1. Show column-specific outliers when clicking a column header
+    2. Show global/multivariate outliers in a separate view
+    3. Clearly distinguish between local and global anomalies
+    """
+    # Extract column names from univariate reasons
+    column_outliers: Dict[str, List[Dict[str, Any]]] = {}
+
+    for idx, reasons in uni.items():
+        for reason in reasons:
+            # Extract column name from reason string
+            # Format: "Column 'Price' value 100 is outside..."
+            if "Column '" in reason:
+                col_start = reason.index("Column '") + 8
+                col_end = reason.index("'", col_start)
+                col_name = reason[col_start:col_end]
+
+                if col_name not in column_outliers:
+                    column_outliers[col_name] = []
+
+                # Check if this row index already exists for this column
+                existing = next((x for x in column_outliers[col_name] if x["index"] == idx), None)
+                if not existing:
+                    column_outliers[col_name].append({
+                        "index": int(idx),
+                        "reasons": [reason]
+                    })
+                else:
+                    existing["reasons"].append(reason)
+
+    # Prepare multivariate outliers
+    multivariate_list = [
+        {"index": int(idx), "reasons": reasons}
+        for idx, reasons in multi.items()
+    ]
+
+    # Prepare legacy flat format (backwards compatibility)
+    all_indices = set(uni.keys()) | set(multi.keys())
+    all_outliers = []
+    for idx in sorted(all_indices):
+        reasons = uni.get(idx, []) + multi.get(idx, [])
+        all_outliers.append({
+            "index": int(idx),
+            "reasons": reasons
+        })
+
+    return {
+        "univariate": column_outliers,
+        "multivariate": multivariate_list,
+        "all": all_outliers
+    }

backend/app/core/engine/ingest.py

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+import pandas as pd
+import pyarrow as pa
+import io
+from typing import Tuple, Dict, Any
+
+def parse_file(file_content: bytes, filename: str) -> pd.DataFrame:
+    """
+    Parses the uploaded file (Excel or CSV) into a Pandas DataFrame.
+    """
+    file_obj = io.BytesIO(file_content)
+    
+    if filename.endswith(('.xlsx', '.xls')):
+        df = pd.read_excel(file_obj)
+    elif filename.endswith('.csv'):
+        # Attempt to detect common delimiters if needed, default to comma
+        df = pd.read_csv(file_obj)
+    else:
+        raise ValueError(f"Unsupported file format: {filename}")
+    
+    # Basic hygiene: strip whitespace from headers
+    df.columns = [str(c).strip() for c in df.columns]
+    
+    return df
+
+def get_column_metadata(df: pd.DataFrame) -> list:
+    """
+    Returns a list of column metadata (name and inferred type).
+    """
+    metadata = []
+    for col in df.columns:
+        dtype = str(df[col].dtype)
+        # Simplify types for the frontend
+        inferred_type = "numeric"
+        if "object" in dtype or "string" in dtype:
+            inferred_type = "categorical"
+        elif "datetime" in dtype:
+            inferred_type = "date"
+        elif "bool" in dtype:
+            inferred_type = "boolean"
+            
+        metadata.append({
+            "name": col,
+            "type": inferred_type,
+            "native_type": dtype
+        })
+    return metadata
+
+def dataframe_to_arrow_stream(df: pd.DataFrame) -> bytes:
+    """
+    Converts a Pandas DataFrame to an Apache Arrow IPC stream.
+    """
+    table = pa.Table.from_pandas(df)
+    sink = pa.BufferOutputStream()
+    with pa.ipc.new_stream(sink, table.schema) as writer:
+        writer.write_table(table)
+    return sink.getvalue().to_pybytes()

backend/app/core/engine/reports.py

@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+from fpdf import FPDF
+from datetime import datetime
+from io import BytesIO
+import pandas as pd
+import platform
+import sklearn
+import statsmodels
+import os
+import matplotlib
+matplotlib.use('Agg')  # Use non-GUI backend
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+import tempfile
+
+class AnalysisReport(FPDF):
+    def header(self):
+        try:
+            # Add Unicode font support for accented characters
+            self.set_font('Arial', 'B', 15)
+            self.set_text_color(79, 70, 229) # Indigo 600
+            self.cell(0, 10, 'Data_analysis - Rapport de Validation', 0, 1, 'L')
+            self.set_draw_color(226, 232, 240)
+            self.line(10, 22, 200, 22)
+            self.ln(10)
+        except Exception as e:
+            print(f"Header error: {e}")
+
+    def footer(self):
+        try:
+            self.set_y(-15)
+            self.set_font('Arial', 'I', 8)
+            self.set_text_color(148, 163, 184)
+            self.cell(0, 10, f'Page {self.page_no()} | Genere le {datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M")}', 0, 0, 'C')
+        except Exception as e:
+            print(f"Footer error: {e}")
+
+def create_pdf_report(project_name: str, results: dict, audit_trail: dict) -> bytes:
+    try:
+        pdf = AnalysisReport()
+        pdf.add_page()
+
+        # 1. Summary
+        pdf.set_font('Arial', 'B', 12)
+        pdf.set_text_color(51, 65, 85)
+        pdf.cell(0, 10, f"Projet : {project_name}", 0, 1)
+        pdf.ln(5)
+
+        # Handle missing model_type
+        model_type = results.get('model_type', 'Regression')
+        if isinstance(model_type, list):
+            model_type = model_type[0] if model_type else 'Regression'
+
+        pdf.set_font('Arial', '', 10)
+        pdf.cell(0, 8, f"Modele : {model_type}", 0, 1)
+
+        # Handle r_squared safely
+        r_squared = results.get('r_squared', 0)
+        if r_squared is None:
+            r_squared = 0
+        pdf.cell(0, 8, f"Precision (R²) : {float(r_squared):.4f}", 0, 1)
+
+        # Handle sample_size safely
+        sample_size = results.get('sample_size', 0)
+        if sample_size is None:
+            sample_size = 0
+        pdf.cell(0, 8, f"Taille de l'echantillon : {int(sample_size)}", 0, 1)
+
+        pdf.ln(10)
+
+        # 2. Coefficients Table
+        pdf.set_font('Arial', 'B', 11)
+        pdf.cell(0, 10, "Coefficients du Modele", 0, 1)
+
+        pdf.set_font('Arial', 'B', 9)
+        pdf.set_fill_color(248, 250, 252)
+        pdf.cell(80, 8, "Feature", 1, 0, 'L', True)
+        pdf.cell(50, 8, "Coefficient", 1, 0, 'R', True)
+        pdf.cell(50, 8, "P-Value", 1, 1, 'R', True)
+
+        # Get coefficients and p_values safely
+        coefficients = results.get('coefficients', {})
+        p_values = results.get('p_values', {})
+
+        if coefficients:
+            pdf.set_font('Arial', '', 9)
+            for name, coef in coefficients.items():
+                # Convert coef to float safely
+                try:
+                    coef_val = float(coef)
+                except (TypeError, ValueError):
+                    coef_val = 0.0
+
+                # Get p-value safely
+                p_val = p_values.get(name, 1.0)
+                try:
+                    p_val = float(p_val)
+                except (TypeError, ValueError):
+                    p_val = 1.0
+
+                pdf.cell(80, 8, str(name), 1)
+                pdf.cell(50, 8, f"{coef_val:.4f}", 1, 0, 'R')
+
+                if p_val < 0.05:
+                    pdf.set_text_color(16, 185, 129) # Emerald
+                else:
+                    pdf.set_text_color(244, 63, 94) # Rose
+                pdf.cell(50, 8, f"{p_val:.4f}", 1, 1, 'R')
+                pdf.set_text_color(51, 65, 85)
+        else:
+            pdf.set_font('Arial', '', 9)
+            pdf.cell(0, 8, "Aucun coefficient disponible", 0, 1)
+
+        pdf.ln(15)
+
+        # 3. Visualization Charts
+        if 'fit_plot' in results and len(results['fit_plot']) > 0:
+            pdf.set_font('Arial', 'B', 11)
+            pdf.cell(0, 10, "Courbe de Regression", 0, 1)
+            pdf.ln(5)
+
+            # Create fit plot
+            fit_data = results['fit_plot']
+            x_vals = [p['x'] for p in fit_data]
+            y_real = [p['real'] for p in fit_data]
+            y_pred = [p['pred'] for p in fit_data]
+
+            plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6))
+            plt.scatter(x_vals, y_real, alpha=0.6, color='#4f46e5', label='Données réelles', s=50)
+            plt.plot(x_vals, y_pred, color='#ef4444', linewidth=2, label='Courbe de régression')
+            plt.xlabel('Valeur X', fontsize=12)
+            plt.ylabel('Valeur Y', fontsize=12)
+            plt.title('Ajustement du Modèle', fontsize=14, fontweight='bold')
+            plt.legend()
+            plt.grid(True, alpha=0.3)
+            plt.tight_layout()
+
+            # Save plot to temp file and add to PDF
+            with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix='.png', delete=False) as tmp:
+                plt.savefig(tmp.name, dpi=150, bbox_inches='tight')
+                plt.close()
+                pdf.image(tmp.name, x=10, w=190)
+                os.unlink(tmp.name)
+
+            pdf.ln(10)
+
+        # Residuals plot
+        if 'diagnostic_plot' in results and len(results['diagnostic_plot']) > 0:
+            pdf.set_font('Arial', 'B', 11)
+            pdf.cell(0, 10, "Graphique des Residus", 0, 1)
+            pdf.ln(5)
+
+            residuals_data = results['diagnostic_plot']
+            fitted = [p['fitted'] for p in residuals_data]
+            residuals = [p['residual'] for p in residuals_data]
+
+            plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6))
+            plt.scatter(fitted, residuals, alpha=0.6, color='#4f46e5', s=50)
+            plt.axhline(y=0, color='#ef4444', linestyle='--', linewidth=2)
+            plt.xlabel('Valeurs Ajustees', fontsize=12)
+            plt.ylabel('Residus', fontsize=12)
+            plt.title('Graphique des Residus', fontsize=14, fontweight='bold')
+            plt.grid(True, alpha=0.3)
+            plt.tight_layout()
+
+            with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix='.png', delete=False) as tmp:
+                plt.savefig(tmp.name, dpi=150, bbox_inches='tight')
+                plt.close()
+                pdf.image(tmp.name, x=10, w=190)
+                os.unlink(tmp.name)
+
+            pdf.ln(10)
+
+        # 4. Audit Trail (Reproducibility)
+        pdf.set_font('Arial', 'B', 11)
+        pdf.cell(0, 10, "Piste d'Audit & Reproductibilite", 0, 1)
+
+        pdf.set_font('Arial', '', 8)
+        pdf.set_text_color(100, 116, 139)
+
+        # Cleaning steps
+        excluded_count = audit_trail.get('excluded_rows_count', 0)
+        if excluded_count is None:
+            excluded_count = 0
+        pdf.multi_cell(0, 6, f"- Nettoyage : {int(excluded_count)} lignes exclues de l'analyse.")
+
+        # Environment
+        pdf.ln(5)
+        pdf.set_font('Arial', 'B', 8)
+        pdf.cell(0, 6, "Environnement Technique :", 0, 1)
+        pdf.set_font('Arial', '', 8)
+        pdf.cell(0, 5, f"- Python : {platform.python_version()}", 0, 1)
+        pdf.cell(0, 5, f"- Pandas : {pd.__version__}", 0, 1)
+
+        # Try to get sklearn version safely
+        try:
+            pdf.cell(0, 5, f"- Scikit-learn : {sklearn.__version__}", 0, 1)
+        except Exception:
+            pdf.cell(0, 5, "- Scikit-learn : Installé", 0, 1)
+
+        # Try to get statsmodels version safely
+        try:
+            pdf.cell(0, 5, f"- Statsmodels : {statsmodels.__version__}", 0, 1)
+        except Exception:
+            pdf.cell(0, 5, "- Statsmodels : Installé", 0, 1)
+
+        pdf.cell(0, 5, f"- Random Seed : 42 (Fixed)", 0, 1)
+
+        # Generate PDF bytes using BytesIO
+        pdf_buffer = BytesIO()
+        pdf.output(pdf_buffer)
+        return pdf_buffer.getvalue()
+
+    except Exception as e:
+        # Return error as PDF with message using BytesIO
+        error_pdf = FPDF()
+        error_pdf.add_page()
+        error_pdf.set_font('Arial', 'B', 16)
+        error_pdf.cell(0, 10, f"Erreur lors de la generation du PDF", 0, 1)
+        error_pdf.ln(10)
+        error_pdf.set_font('Arial', '', 12)
+        error_pdf.multi_cell(0, 10, f"Erreur: {str(e)}")
+        error_buffer = BytesIO()
+        error_pdf.output(error_buffer)
+        return error_buffer.getvalue()

backend/app/core/engine/stats.py

@@ -0,0 +1,430 @@
+import pandas as pd
+import numpy as np
+import statsmodels.api as sm
+from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestRegressor
+from sklearn.inspection import permutation_importance
+from sklearn.preprocessing import PolynomialFeatures
+from scipy import stats
+from typing import List, Dict, Any, Tuple
+import sympy as sp
+
+def calculate_correlation_matrix(
+    df: pd.DataFrame,
+    columns: List[str],
+    method: str = 'pearson',
+    min_threshold: float = None,
+    include_pvalues: bool = True
+) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    """
+    Calculate correlation matrix with optional p-values and filtering.
+
+    Args:
+        df: Input DataFrame
+        columns: List of column names to analyze
+        method: Correlation method ('pearson', 'spearman', 'kendall')
+        min_threshold: Minimum absolute correlation value to include (optional)
+        include_pvalues: Whether to calculate statistical significance
+
+    Returns:
+        Dictionary with matrix data, p-values, and metadata
+    """
+    if not columns:
+        return {"matrix": [], "pvalues": [], "metadata": {}}
+
+    # Convert to numeric and handle missing values
+    numeric_df = df[columns].apply(pd.to_numeric, errors='coerce')
+
+    # Remove columns with too many missing values (>50%)
+    missing_ratios = numeric_df.isnull().sum() / len(numeric_df)
+    valid_cols = missing_ratios[missing_ratios <= 0.5].index.tolist()
+
+    if len(valid_cols) < 2:
+        return {"matrix": [], "pvalues": [], "metadata": {"error": "Need at least 2 valid numeric columns"}}
+
+    # Use pairwise deletion for correlation (more robust than listwise)
+    clean_df = numeric_df[valid_cols]
+
+    # Calculate correlation matrix
+    corr_matrix = clean_df.corr(method=method)
+
+    # Calculate p-values if requested
+    pvalue_matrix = None
+    if include_pvalues:
+        pvalue_matrix = pd.DataFrame(np.zeros_like(corr_matrix),
+                                    index=corr_matrix.index,
+                                    columns=corr_matrix.columns)
+
+        for i, col1 in enumerate(corr_matrix.columns):
+            for j, col2 in enumerate(corr_matrix.index):
+                if i != j:
+                    # Pairwise complete observations
+                    valid_data = clean_df[[col1, col2]].dropna()
+                    if len(valid_data) >= 3:
+                        if method == 'pearson':
+                            _, pval = stats.pearsonr(valid_data.iloc[:, 0], valid_data.iloc[:, 1])
+                        elif method == 'spearman':
+                            _, pval = stats.spearmanr(valid_data.iloc[:, 0], valid_data.iloc[:, 1])
+                        elif method == 'kendall':
+                            _, pval = stats.kendalltau(valid_data.iloc[:, 0], valid_data.iloc[:, 1])
+                        else:
+                            pval = np.nan
+                        pvalue_matrix.iloc[i, j] = pval
+
+    # Build results
+    results = []
+    pvalue_results = []
+
+    for x in corr_matrix.columns:
+        for y in corr_matrix.index:
+            value = float(corr_matrix.at[y, x])
+
+            # Apply threshold filter if specified
+            if min_threshold is not None and abs(value) < min_threshold:
+                continue
+
+            results.append({
+                "x": x,
+                "y": y,
+                "value": value,
+                "abs_value": abs(value)
+            })
+
+            if include_pvalues and pvalue_matrix is not None:
+                pvalue_results.append({
+                    "x": x,
+                    "y": y,
+                    "pvalue": float(pvalue_matrix.at[y, x]) if not pd.isna(pvalue_matrix.at[y, x]) else None,
+                    "significant": bool((pvalue_matrix.at[y, x] or 1) < 0.05 if not pd.isna(pvalue_matrix.at[y, x]) else False)
+                })
+
+    # Calculate summary statistics
+    n_observations = len(clean_df)
+
+    return {
+        "matrix": results,
+        "pvalues": pvalue_results if include_pvalues else [],
+        "metadata": {
+            "method": method,
+            "n_observations": n_observations,
+            "n_variables": len(valid_cols),
+            "columns_analyzed": valid_cols,
+            "threshold_applied": min_threshold
+        }
+    }
+
+def get_correlation_summary(correlation_data: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    """
+    Generate summary statistics from correlation data.
+    Identifies strongest correlations (positive and negative).
+    """
+    matrix = correlation_data.get("matrix", [])
+
+    # Filter out diagonal (self-correlation)
+    off_diagonal = [m for m in matrix if m["x"] != m["y"]]
+
+    if not off_diagonal:
+        return {"strongest": [], "weakest": []}
+
+    # Sort by absolute correlation value
+    sorted_by_abs = sorted(off_diagonal, key=lambda x: x["abs_value"], reverse=True)
+
+    # Get strongest correlations (top 5)
+    strongest = sorted_by_abs[:5]
+
+    # Get weakest correlations (bottom 5, but non-zero)
+    weakest = [m for m in sorted_by_abs if m["abs_value"] > 0][-5:]
+    weakest = sorted(weakest, key=lambda x: x["abs_value"])
+
+    return {
+        "strongest": strongest,
+        "weakest": weakest,
+        "total_pairs": len(off_diagonal)
+    }
+
+def calculate_feature_importance(df: pd.DataFrame, features: List[str], target: str) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+    if not features or not target: return []
+    df_clean = df.dropna(subset=[target])
+    X = df_clean[features].apply(pd.to_numeric, errors='coerce').fillna(0)
+    y = df_clean[target]
+    if y.dtype == 'object' or y.dtype == 'string': y = pd.factorize(y)[0]
+    model = RandomForestRegressor(n_estimators=100, random_state=42)
+    model.fit(X, y)
+    result = permutation_importance(model, X, y, n_repeats=10, random_state=42, n_jobs=-1)
+    importances = result.importances_mean
+    results = [{"feature": name, "score": max(0, float(score))} for name, score in zip(features, importances)]
+    total = sum(r["score"] for r in results)
+    if total > 0:
+        for r in results: r["score"] /= total
+    return sorted(results, key=lambda x: x["score"], reverse=True)
+
+def generate_equations(coefficients: Dict[str, float], model_type: str) -> Dict[str, str]:
+    """
+    Generate equation strings in LaTeX, Python, and Excel formats.
+
+    Args:
+        coefficients: Dictionary of feature names to coefficient values
+        model_type: Type of regression model ('linear', 'polynomial', 'exponential', 'logistic')
+
+    Returns:
+        Dictionary with 'latex', 'python', and 'excel' equation strings
+    """
+    from sympy import symbols, sympify, latex, Float, preorder_traversal, Mul, Pow
+
+    # Extract intercept
+    intercept = 0.0
+    feature_coefs = {}
+
+    for key, value in coefficients.items():
+        if key in ['const', 'intercept', '(Intercept)']:
+            intercept = float(value)
+        else:
+            feature_coefs[key] = float(value)
+
+    # Helper function to format number cleanly for Python/Excel
+    def format_number(num: float) -> str:
+        """Format number with 3 decimal places max"""
+        if num == 0:
+            return "0"
+        abs_num = abs(num)
+        # Use scientific notation for very small or very large numbers
+        if abs_num >= 10000 or (abs_num < 0.001 and abs_num > 0):
+            return f"{num:.2e}"
+        # Regular decimal with 3 decimal places max
+        formatted = f"{num:.3f}"
+        # Remove trailing zeros
+        return formatted.rstrip('0').rstrip('.')
+
+    # Build LaTeX with sympy using scientific notation
+    # Create symbols for each variable
+    for name in feature_coefs.keys():
+        safe_name = name.replace(' ', '_').replace('^', '_pow_')
+        symbols(safe_name)
+
+    # Build expression string
+    expr_parts = []
+    intercept_str = f"{intercept:.10f}"
+    expr_parts.append(intercept_str)
+
+    for name, coef in feature_coefs.items():
+        safe_name = name.replace(' ', '_').replace('^', '_pow_')
+        coef_str = f"{coef:.10f}"
+        expr_parts.append(f"{coef_str}*{safe_name}")
+
+    expr_str = " + ".join(expr_parts)
+    expr = sympify(expr_str)
+
+    # Scientific notation rounding function
+    def scientific_round_expr(e, ndigits=2):
+        """
+        Convert floats to scientific notation with specified decimal places.
+        Example: 12345.678 -> 1.23 × 10^4
+        """
+        repl = {}
+        for node in preorder_traversal(e):
+            if isinstance(node, Float):
+                val = float(node.evalf(6))  # Get enough precision
+                abs_val = abs(val)
+
+                # Use scientific notation for large or small numbers
+                if abs_val >= 10000 or (abs_val < 0.01 and abs_val > 0):
+                    sci_str = f"{val:.{ndigits}e}"
+                    mantissa, exponent = sci_str.split('e')
+                    # Reconstruct as: mantissa × 10^exponent
+                    repl[node] = Mul(Float(mantissa), Pow(10, int(exponent)), evaluate=False)
+                else:
+                    # Regular rounding for normal numbers
+                    repl[node] = Float(round(val, ndigits))
+
+        return e.xreplace(repl)
+
+    # Apply scientific rounding
+    expr_sci = scientific_round_expr(expr, 2)
+
+    # Convert to LaTeX
+    latex_eq_raw = latex(expr_sci, fold_frac_powers=True, fold_short_frac=True, mul_symbol='times')
+
+    # Replace safe names with readable display names
+    for name in feature_coefs.keys():
+        safe_name = name.replace(' ', '_').replace('^', '_pow_')
+        display_name = name.replace('_', ' ')
+        latex_eq_raw = latex_eq_raw.replace(safe_name, f"\\mathrm{{{display_name}}}")
+
+    # Add "y = " prefix
+    latex_eq = f"y = {latex_eq_raw}"
+
+    # Build Python format
+    python_parts = []
+    for name, coef in feature_coefs.items():
+        coef_str = format_number(coef)
+        if coef >= 0:
+            python_parts.append(f"+ {coef_str}*{name}")
+        else:
+            python_parts.append(f"- {format_number(abs(coef))}*{name}")
+
+    intercept_str_clean = format_number(intercept)
+    python_eq = f"y = {intercept_str_clean} " + ' '.join(python_parts) if python_parts else f"y = {intercept_str_clean}"
+
+    # Generate Excel format
+    col_letters = {name: chr(65 + i) for i, name in enumerate(feature_coefs.keys())}
+
+    excel_parts = []
+    for name, coef in feature_coefs.items():
+        coef_str = format_number(coef)
+        col_letter = col_letters[name]
+        if coef >= 0:
+            excel_parts.append(f"+ {coef_str}*{col_letter}1")
+        else:
+            excel_parts.append(f"- {format_number(abs(coef))}*{col_letter}1")
+
+    excel_eq = f"={intercept_str_clean} " + ' '.join(excel_parts) if excel_parts else f"={intercept_str_clean}"
+
+    return {
+        "latex": latex_eq,
+        "python": python_eq,
+        "excel": excel_eq
+    }
+
+def run_regression_analysis(df: pd.DataFrame, x_cols: List[str], y_col: str, model_type: str = "linear", poly_degree: int = 1, include_interactions: bool = False) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    # 1. Prep Data
+    # Capture original X for plotting before transformation
+    X_original = df[x_cols].apply(pd.to_numeric, errors='coerce')
+    y_data = df[y_col]
+    
+    # Align indices after dropna
+    data = pd.concat([X_original, y_data], axis=1).dropna()
+    if data.empty or len(data) < len(x_cols) + 1:
+        raise ValueError("Insufficient data.")
+        
+    X_raw = data[x_cols] # Keep for plotting
+    y = pd.to_numeric(data[y_col], errors='coerce')
+    
+    X = X_raw.copy() # Start with raw for modelling
+
+    # 2. Advanced Feature Engineering
+    if model_type == "polynomial" or include_interactions:
+        degree = poly_degree if model_type == "polynomial" else 2
+        interaction_only = include_interactions and model_type != "polynomial"
+        poly = PolynomialFeatures(degree=degree, interaction_only=interaction_only, include_bias=False)
+        X_poly = poly.fit_transform(X)
+        poly_cols = poly.get_feature_names_out(X.columns)
+        X = pd.DataFrame(X_poly, columns=poly_cols, index=X.index)
+
+    # 3. Model Fitting
+    try:
+        model = None
+        y_pred = None
+        
+        if model_type == "logistic":
+            X_const = sm.add_constant(X)
+            y_bin = (y > y.median()).astype(int)
+            model = sm.Logit(y_bin, X_const).fit(disp=0)
+            y_pred = model.predict(X_const)
+            y = y_bin
+        elif model_type == "exponential":
+            if (y <= 0).any(): raise ValueError("Exponential regression requires Y > 0.")
+            y_log = np.log(y)
+            X_const = sm.add_constant(X)
+            lin_model = sm.OLS(y_log, X_const).fit()
+            y_pred = np.exp(lin_model.predict(X_const))
+            model = lin_model
+        else: # Linear or Polynomial
+            X_const = sm.add_constant(X)
+            model = sm.OLS(y, X_const).fit()
+            y_pred = model.predict(X_const)
+
+        # 4. Construct Visualization Data
+        # Create fit plots for each original feature
+        fit_plots_by_feature = {}
+        residuals_vs_fitted = []
+
+        y_list = y.tolist()
+        pred_list = y_pred.tolist()
+
+        residuals = []
+
+        # Create a fit plot for each original feature
+        for feature_name in X_raw.columns:
+            x_feature_list = X_raw[feature_name].tolist()
+            feature_plot = []
+
+            for i in range(len(y_list)):
+                feature_plot.append({
+                    "x": float(x_feature_list[i]),
+                    "real": float(y_list[i]),
+                    "pred": float(pred_list[i])
+                })
+
+            # Sort by X for proper curve rendering
+            feature_plot.sort(key=lambda item: item["x"])
+            fit_plots_by_feature[feature_name] = feature_plot
+
+        # Also create a single fit_plot using the first feature for backward compatibility
+        fit_plot = fit_plots_by_feature[X_raw.columns[0]] if len(X_raw.columns) > 0 else []
+
+        # Residuals plot
+        for i in range(len(y_list)):
+            res_val = y_list[i] - pred_list[i]
+            residuals.append(res_val)
+
+            residuals_vs_fitted.append({
+                "fitted": float(pred_list[i]),
+                "residual": res_val
+            })
+
+        # 5. Calculate Partial Regression Plots (Added Variable Plots)
+        # These show the isolated effect of each variable controlling for others
+        partial_regression_plots = {}
+
+        # Only calculate for multiple regression (more than 1 feature)
+        if len(X_raw.columns) > 1:
+            for feature_name in X_raw.columns:
+                # Get other features (all except current)
+                other_features = [col for col in X_raw.columns if col != feature_name]
+
+                if len(other_features) == 0:
+                    continue
+
+                # Step 1: Regress Y on all features except current one
+                X_other = X_raw[other_features]
+                X_other_const = sm.add_constant(X_other)
+                model_y = sm.OLS(y, X_other_const).fit()
+                y_residuals = y - model_y.predict(X_other_const)
+
+                # Step 2: Regress current feature on other features
+                model_x = sm.OLS(X_raw[feature_name], X_other_const).fit()
+                x_residuals = X_raw[feature_name] - model_x.predict(X_other_const)
+
+                # Step 3: Create partial plot data
+                partial_plot = []
+                for i in range(len(y)):
+                    partial_plot.append({
+                        "x": float(x_residuals.iloc[i]),
+                        "y": float(y_residuals.iloc[i])
+                    })
+
+                # Sort by x for proper line rendering
+                partial_plot.sort(key=lambda item: item["x"])
+                partial_regression_plots[feature_name] = partial_plot
+
+        # Generate equation strings
+        equations = generate_equations(model.params.to_dict(), model_type)
+
+        summary = {
+            "r_squared": float(model.rsquared) if hasattr(model, 'rsquared') else float(model.prsquared),
+            "adj_r_squared": float(model.rsquared_adj) if hasattr(model, 'rsquared_adj') else None,
+            "aic": float(model.aic),
+            "bic": float(model.bic),
+            "coefficients": model.params.to_dict(),
+            "p_values": model.pvalues.to_dict(),
+            "std_errors": model.bse.to_dict(),
+            "sample_size": int(model.nobs),
+            "residuals": residuals,
+            "fit_plot": fit_plot,  # Backward compatibility (first feature)
+            "fit_plots_by_feature": fit_plots_by_feature,  # All features
+            "partial_regression_plots": partial_regression_plots,  # Partial plots for multivariate
+            "diagnostic_plot": residuals_vs_fitted,
+            "equations": equations  # LaTeX, Python, Excel formats
+        }
+        return summary
+    except Exception as e:
+        raise ValueError(f"Model calculation failed: {str(e)}")