Entropyk/crates/solver/tests/chiller_air_glycol_integration.rs

626 lines
25 KiB
Rust
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

//! Integration test: Air-Cooled Chiller with Screw Economizer Compressor
//!
//! Simulates a 2-circuit air-cooled chiller with:
//! - 2 × ScrewEconomizerCompressor (R134a, VFD controlled 2560 Hz)
//! - 4 × MchxCondenserCoil + fan banks (35°C ambient air)
//! - 2 × FloodedEvaporator + Drum (water-glycol MEG 35%, 12°C → 7°C)
//! - Economizer (flash-gas injection)
//! - Superheat control via Constraint
//! - Fan speed control (anti-override) via BoundedVariable
//!
//! ## Topology per circuit (× 2 circuits)
//!
//! ```text
//! BrineSource(MEG35%, 12°C)
//! ↓
//! FloodedEvaporator ←── Drum ←── Economizer(flash)
//! ↓ ↑
//! ScrewEconomizerCompressor(eco port) ──┘
//! ↓
//! FlowSplitter (1 → 2 coils)
//! ↓ ↓
//! MchxCoil_A+Fan_A MchxCoil_B+Fan_B
//! ↓ ↓
//! FlowMerger (2 → 1)
//! ↓
//! ExpansionValve
//! ↓
//! BrineSink(MEG35%, 7°C)
//! ```
//!
//! This test validates topology construction, finalization, and that all
//! components can compute residuals without errors at a reasonable initial state.
use entropyk_components::port::{Connected, FluidId, Port};
use entropyk_components::state_machine::{CircuitId, OperationalState};
use entropyk_components::{
Component, ComponentError, ConnectedPort, JacobianBuilder, MchxCondenserCoil, Polynomial2D,
ResidualVector, ScrewEconomizerCompressor, ScrewPerformanceCurves, StateManageable, StateSlice,
};
use entropyk_core::{Enthalpy, MassFlow, Power, Pressure};
use entropyk_solver::{system::System, TopologyError};
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// Helpers
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
type CP = Port<Connected>;
/// Creates a connected port pair — returns the first (connected) port.
fn make_port(fluid: &str, p_bar: f64, h_kj_kg: f64) -> ConnectedPort {
let a = Port::new(
FluidId::new(fluid),
Pressure::from_bar(p_bar),
Enthalpy::from_joules_per_kg(h_kj_kg * 1000.0),
);
let b = Port::new(
FluidId::new(fluid),
Pressure::from_bar(p_bar),
Enthalpy::from_joules_per_kg(h_kj_kg * 1000.0),
);
a.connect(b).expect("port connection ok").0
}
/// Creates screw compressor performance curves representing a ~200 kW screw
/// refrigerating unit at 50 Hz (R134a).
///
/// SST reference: +3°C = 276.15 K
/// SDT reference: +50°C = 323.15 K
fn make_screw_curves() -> ScrewPerformanceCurves {
// Bilinear approximation:
// ṁ_suc [kg/s] = 1.20 + 0.003×(SST-276) - 0.002×(SDT-323) + 1e-5×(SST-276)×(SDT-323)
// W_shaft [W] = 55000 + 200×(SST-276) - 300×(SDT-323) + 0.5×…
ScrewPerformanceCurves::with_fixed_eco_fraction(
Polynomial2D::bilinear(1.20, 0.003, -0.002, 0.000_01),
Polynomial2D::bilinear(55_000.0, 200.0, -300.0, 0.5),
0.12, // 12% economizer fraction
)
}
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// Mock components used for sections not yet wired with real residuals
// (FloodedEvaporator, Drum, Economizer, ExpansionValve, BrineSource/Sink,
// FlowSplitter/Merger — these already exist as real components, but for this
// topology test we use mocks to isolate the new components under test)
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
/// Generic mock component: all residuals = 0, n_equations configurable.
struct Mock {
n: usize,
circuit_id: CircuitId,
}
impl Mock {
fn new(n: usize, circuit: u16) -> Self {
Self {
n,
circuit_id: CircuitId(circuit),
}
}
}
impl Component for Mock {
fn compute_residuals(
&self,
_state: &StateSlice,
residuals: &mut ResidualVector,
) -> Result<(), ComponentError> {
for r in residuals.iter_mut().take(self.n) {
*r = 0.0;
}
Ok(())
}
fn jacobian_entries(
&self,
_state: &StateSlice,
_jacobian: &mut JacobianBuilder,
) -> Result<(), ComponentError> {
Ok(())
}
fn n_equations(&self) -> usize {
self.n
}
fn get_ports(&self) -> &[ConnectedPort] {
&[]
}
fn port_mass_flows(&self, _state: &StateSlice) -> Result<Vec<MassFlow>, ComponentError> {
Ok(vec![MassFlow::from_kg_per_s(1.0)])
}
fn energy_transfers(&self, _state: &StateSlice) -> Option<(Power, Power)> {
Some((Power::from_watts(0.0), Power::from_watts(0.0)))
}
}
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// Test 1: ScrewEconomizerCompressor topology
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
#[test]
fn test_screw_compressor_creation_and_residuals() {
let suc = make_port("R134a", 3.2, 400.0);
let dis = make_port("R134a", 12.8, 440.0);
let eco = make_port("R134a", 6.4, 260.0);
let comp =
ScrewEconomizerCompressor::new(make_screw_curves(), "R134a", 50.0, 0.92, suc, dis, eco)
.expect("compressor creation ok");
assert_eq!(comp.n_equations(), 5);
// Compute residuals at a plausible operating state
let state = vec![
1.2, // ṁ_suc [kg/s]
0.144, // ṁ_eco [kg/s] = 12% × 1.2
400_000.0, // h_suc [J/kg]
440_000.0, // h_dis [J/kg]
55_000.0, // W_shaft [W]
];
let mut residuals = vec![0.0; 5];
comp.compute_residuals(&state, &mut residuals)
.expect("residuals computed");
// All residuals must be finite
for (i, r) in residuals.iter().enumerate() {
assert!(r.is_finite(), "residual[{}] = {} not finite", i, r);
}
// Residual[4] (shaft power balance): W_calc - W_state
// Polynomial at SST~276K, SDT~323K gives ~55000 W → residual ≈ 0
println!("Screw residuals: {:?}", residuals);
}
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// Test 2: VFD frequency scaling
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
#[test]
fn test_screw_vfd_scaling() {
let suc = make_port("R134a", 3.2, 400.0);
let dis = make_port("R134a", 12.8, 440.0);
let eco = make_port("R134a", 6.4, 260.0);
let mut comp =
ScrewEconomizerCompressor::new(make_screw_curves(), "R134a", 50.0, 0.92, suc, dis, eco)
.unwrap();
// At full speed (50 Hz): compute mass flow residual
let state_full = vec![1.2, 0.144, 400_000.0, 440_000.0, 55_000.0];
let mut r_full = vec![0.0; 5];
comp.compute_residuals(&state_full, &mut r_full).unwrap();
let m_error_full = r_full[0].abs();
// At 40 Hz (80%): mass flow should be ~80% of full speed
comp.set_frequency_hz(40.0).unwrap();
assert!((comp.frequency_ratio() - 0.8).abs() < 1e-10);
let state_reduced = vec![0.96, 0.115, 400_000.0, 440_000.0, 44_000.0];
let mut r_reduced = vec![0.0; 5];
comp.compute_residuals(&state_reduced, &mut r_reduced)
.unwrap();
let m_error_reduced = r_reduced[0].abs();
println!(
"VFD test: r[0] at 50Hz = {:.4}, at 40Hz = {:.4}",
m_error_full, m_error_reduced
);
// Both should be finite
assert!(m_error_full.is_finite());
assert!(m_error_reduced.is_finite());
}
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// Test 3: MCHX condenser coil UA correction
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
#[test]
fn test_mchx_ua_correction_with_fan_speed() {
// Coil bank: 4 coils, 15 kW/K each at design point (35°C, fan=100%)
let ua_per_coil = 15_000.0; // W/K
let mut coils: Vec<MchxCondenserCoil> = (0..4)
.map(|i| MchxCondenserCoil::for_35c_ambient(ua_per_coil, i))
.collect();
// Total UA at full speed
let ua_total_full: f64 = coils.iter().map(|c| c.ua_effective()).sum();
assert!(
(ua_total_full - 4.0 * ua_per_coil).abs() < 2000.0,
"Total UA at full speed should be ≈ 60 kW/K, got {:.0}",
ua_total_full
);
// Reduce fan 1 to 70% (anti-override scenario)
coils[0].set_fan_speed_ratio(0.70);
let ua_coil0_reduced = coils[0].ua_effective();
let ua_coil0_full = coils[1].ua_effective(); // coil[1] still at 100%
// UA at 70% speed = UA_nominal × 0.7^0.5 ≈ UA_nominal × 0.837
let expected_ratio = 0.70_f64.sqrt();
let actual_ratio = ua_coil0_reduced / ua_coil0_full;
let tol = 0.02; // 2% tolerance
assert!(
(actual_ratio - expected_ratio).abs() < tol,
"UA ratio expected {:.3}, got {:.3}",
expected_ratio,
actual_ratio
);
println!(
"MCHX UA: full={:.0} W/K, at 70% fan={:.0} W/K (ratio={:.3})",
ua_coil0_full, ua_coil0_reduced, actual_ratio
);
}
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// Test 4: MCHX UA decreases at high ambient temperature
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
#[test]
fn test_mchx_ua_ambient_temperature_effect() {
let mut coil_35 = MchxCondenserCoil::for_35c_ambient(15_000.0, 0);
let mut coil_45 = MchxCondenserCoil::for_35c_ambient(15_000.0, 0);
coil_45.set_air_temperature_celsius(45.0);
let ua_35 = coil_35.ua_effective();
let ua_45 = coil_45.ua_effective();
println!("UA at 35°C: {:.0} W/K, UA at 45°C: {:.0} W/K", ua_35, ua_45);
// Higher ambient → lower air density → lower UA
assert!(
ua_45 < ua_35,
"UA should decrease with higher ambient temperature"
);
// The reduction should be ~3% (density ratio: 1.12/1.09 ≈ 0.973)
let density_35 = 1.12_f64;
let density_45 = 101_325.0 / (287.058 * 318.15); // ≈ 1.109
let expected_ratio = density_45 / density_35;
let actual_ratio = ua_45 / ua_35;
assert!(
(actual_ratio - expected_ratio).abs() < 0.02,
"Density ratio expected {:.4}, got {:.4}",
expected_ratio,
actual_ratio
);
}
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// Test 5: 2-circuit system topology construction
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
#[test]
fn test_two_circuit_chiller_topology() {
let mut sys = System::new();
// ── Circuit 0 (compressor + condenser side) ───────────────────────────────
// Simplified topology using Mock components to validate graph construction:
//
// Screw comp → FlowSplitter → [CoilA, CoilB] → FlowMerger
// → EXV → FloodedEvap
// ← Drum ← Economizer ←────────────────────────────┘
// Screw compressor circuit 0
let comp0_suc = make_port("R134a", 3.2, 400.0);
let comp0_dis = make_port("R134a", 12.8, 440.0);
let comp0_eco = make_port("R134a", 6.4, 260.0);
let comp0 = ScrewEconomizerCompressor::new(
make_screw_curves(),
"R134a",
50.0,
0.92,
comp0_suc,
comp0_dis,
comp0_eco,
)
.unwrap();
let comp0_node = sys
.add_component_to_circuit(Box::new(comp0), CircuitId::ZERO)
.expect("add comp0");
// 4 MCHX coils for circuit 0 (2 coils per circuit in this test)
for i in 0..2 {
let coil = MchxCondenserCoil::for_35c_ambient(15_000.0, i);
let coil_node = sys
.add_component_to_circuit(Box::new(coil), CircuitId::ZERO)
.expect("add coil");
sys.add_edge(comp0_node, coil_node).expect("comp→coil edge");
}
// FlowMerger (mock), EXV, FloodedEvap, Drum, Eco — all mock
let merger = sys
.add_component_to_circuit(Box::new(Mock::new(2, 0)), CircuitId::ZERO)
.unwrap();
let exv = sys
.add_component_to_circuit(Box::new(Mock::new(2, 0)), CircuitId::ZERO)
.unwrap();
let evap = sys
.add_component_to_circuit(Box::new(Mock::new(3, 0)), CircuitId::ZERO)
.unwrap();
let drum = sys
.add_component_to_circuit(Box::new(Mock::new(5, 0)), CircuitId::ZERO)
.unwrap();
let eco = sys
.add_component_to_circuit(Box::new(Mock::new(3, 0)), CircuitId::ZERO)
.unwrap();
// Connect: merger → exv → evap → drum → eco → comp0 (suction)
sys.add_edge(merger, exv).unwrap();
sys.add_edge(exv, evap).unwrap();
sys.add_edge(evap, drum).unwrap();
sys.add_edge(drum, eco).unwrap();
sys.add_edge(eco, comp0_node).unwrap();
sys.add_edge(comp0_node, merger).unwrap(); // closes loop via compressor
// ── Circuit 1 (second independent compressor circuit) ─────────────────────
let comp1_suc = make_port("R134a", 3.2, 400.0);
let comp1_dis = make_port("R134a", 12.8, 440.0);
let comp1_eco = make_port("R134a", 6.4, 260.0);
let comp1 = ScrewEconomizerCompressor::new(
make_screw_curves(),
"R134a",
50.0,
0.92,
comp1_suc,
comp1_dis,
comp1_eco,
)
.unwrap();
let comp1_node = sys
.add_component_to_circuit(Box::new(comp1), CircuitId(1))
.expect("add comp1");
// 2 coils for circuit 1
for i in 2..4 {
let coil = MchxCondenserCoil::for_35c_ambient(15_000.0, i);
let coil_node = sys
.add_component_to_circuit(Box::new(coil), CircuitId(1))
.expect("add coil");
sys.add_edge(comp1_node, coil_node)
.expect("comp1→coil edge");
}
let merger1 = sys
.add_component_to_circuit(Box::new(Mock::new(2, 1)), CircuitId(1))
.unwrap();
let exv1 = sys
.add_component_to_circuit(Box::new(Mock::new(2, 1)), CircuitId(1))
.unwrap();
let evap1 = sys
.add_component_to_circuit(Box::new(Mock::new(3, 1)), CircuitId(1))
.unwrap();
sys.add_edge(merger1, exv1).unwrap();
sys.add_edge(exv1, evap1).unwrap();
sys.add_edge(evap1, comp1_node).unwrap();
sys.add_edge(comp1_node, merger1).unwrap();
// ── Assert topology ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
assert_eq!(sys.circuit_count(), 2, "should have exactly 2 circuits");
// Circuit 0: comp + 2 coils + merger + exv + evap + drum + eco = 9 nodes
assert!(
sys.circuit_nodes(CircuitId::ZERO).count() >= 8,
"circuit 0 should have ≥8 nodes"
);
// Circuit 1: comp + 2 coils + merger + exv + evap = 6 nodes
assert!(
sys.circuit_nodes(CircuitId(1)).count() >= 5,
"circuit 1 should have ≥5 nodes"
);
// Finalize should succeed
let result = sys.finalize();
assert!(
result.is_ok(),
"System finalize should succeed: {:?}",
result.err()
);
println!(
"2-circuit chiller topology: {} nodes in circuit 0, {} in circuit 1",
sys.circuit_nodes(CircuitId::ZERO).count(),
sys.circuit_nodes(CircuitId(1)).count()
);
}
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// Test 6: Fan anti-override control logic
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
#[test]
fn test_fan_anti_override_speed_reduction() {
// Simulate anti-override: when condensing pressure > limit,
// reduce fan speed gradually until pressure stabilises.
//
// This test validates the MCHX UA response to fan speed changes,
// which is the physical mechanism behind anti-override control.
let ua_nominal = 15_000.0; // W/K per coil
let mut coil = MchxCondenserCoil::for_35c_ambient(ua_nominal, 0);
// Start at 100% fan speed
assert!((coil.fan_speed_ratio() - 1.0).abs() < 1e-10);
let ua_100 = coil.ua_effective();
// Reduce to 80% (typical anti-override step)
coil.set_fan_speed_ratio(0.80);
let ua_80 = coil.ua_effective();
// Reduce to 60%
coil.set_fan_speed_ratio(0.60);
let ua_60 = coil.ua_effective();
// UA should decrease monotonically with fan speed
assert!(ua_100 > ua_80, "UA should decrease from 100% to 80%");
assert!(ua_80 > ua_60, "UA should decrease from 80% to 60%");
// Reduction should follow power law: UA ∝ speed^0.5
let ratio_80 = ua_80 / ua_100;
let ratio_60 = ua_60 / ua_100;
assert!(
(ratio_80 - 0.80_f64.sqrt()).abs() < 0.03,
"80% speed ratio: expected {:.3}, got {:.3}",
0.80_f64.sqrt(),
ratio_80
);
assert!(
(ratio_60 - 0.60_f64.sqrt()).abs() < 0.03,
"60% speed ratio: expected {:.3}, got {:.3}",
0.60_f64.sqrt(),
ratio_60
);
println!(
"Anti-override UA: 100%={:.0}, 80%={:.0}, 60%={:.0} W/K",
ua_100, ua_80, ua_60
);
}
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// Test 7: Screw compressor off state — zero mass flow
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
#[test]
fn test_screw_compressor_off_state_zero_flow() {
let suc = make_port("R134a", 3.2, 400.0);
let dis = make_port("R134a", 12.8, 440.0);
let eco = make_port("R134a", 6.4, 260.0);
let mut comp =
ScrewEconomizerCompressor::new(make_screw_curves(), "R134a", 50.0, 0.92, suc, dis, eco)
.unwrap();
comp.set_state(OperationalState::Off).unwrap();
let state = vec![0.0; 5];
let mut residuals = vec![0.0; 5];
comp.compute_residuals(&state, &mut residuals).unwrap();
// In Off state: r[0]=ṁ_suc=0, r[1]=ṁ_eco=0, r[4]=W=0
assert!(
residuals[0].abs() < 1e-12,
"Off: ṁ_suc residual should be 0"
);
assert!(
residuals[1].abs() < 1e-12,
"Off: ṁ_eco residual should be 0"
);
assert!(residuals[4].abs() < 1e-12, "Off: W residual should be 0");
}
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// Test 8: 4-coil bank total capacity estimate
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
#[test]
fn test_four_coil_bank_total_ua() {
// Design: 4 coils, total UA = 60 kW/K, T_air=35°C
// Expected: total condensing capacity ≈ 60 kW/K × (T_cond - T_air) ≈ 60 × 15 = 900 kW
// (for T_cond = 50°C, ΔT_lm ≈ 15 K — rough estimate)
let coils: Vec<MchxCondenserCoil> = (0..4)
.map(|i| MchxCondenserCoil::for_35c_ambient(15_000.0, i))
.collect();
let total_ua: f64 = coils.iter().map(|c| c.ua_effective()).sum();
println!(
"4-coil bank total UA: {:.0} W/K = {:.1} kW/K",
total_ua,
total_ua / 1000.0
);
// Should be close to 60 kW/K (4 × 15 kW/K, with density ≈ 1 at design point)
assert!(
(total_ua - 60_000.0).abs() < 3_000.0,
"Total UA should be ≈ 60 kW/K, got {:.1} kW/K",
total_ua / 1000.0
);
}
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// Test 9: Cross-circuit connection rejected
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
#[test]
fn test_cross_circuit_connection_rejected() {
let mut sys = System::new();
let n0 = sys
.add_component_to_circuit(Box::new(Mock::new(2, 0)), CircuitId::ZERO)
.unwrap();
let n1 = sys
.add_component_to_circuit(Box::new(Mock::new(2, 1)), CircuitId(1))
.unwrap();
let result = sys.add_edge(n0, n1);
assert!(
matches!(result, Err(TopologyError::CrossCircuitConnection { .. })),
"Cross-circuit edge should be rejected"
);
}
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// Test 10: Screw compressor energy balance sanity check
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
#[test]
fn test_screw_energy_balance() {
let suc = make_port("R134a", 3.2, 400.0);
let dis = make_port("R134a", 12.8, 440.0);
let eco = make_port("R134a", 6.4, 260.0);
let comp =
ScrewEconomizerCompressor::new(make_screw_curves(), "R134a", 50.0, 0.92, suc, dis, eco)
.unwrap();
// At this operating point:
// h_suc=400 kJ/kg, h_dis=440 kJ/kg, h_eco=260 kJ/kg
// ṁ_suc=1.2 kg/s, ṁ_eco=0.144 kg/s, ṁ_total=1.344 kg/s
// Energy in = 1.2×400000 + 0.144×260000 + W/0.92
// Energy out = 1.344×440000
// W = (1.344×440000 - 1.2×400000 - 0.144×260000) × 0.92
let m_suc = 1.2_f64;
let m_eco = 0.144_f64;
let m_total = m_suc + m_eco;
let h_suc = 400_000.0_f64;
let h_dis = 440_000.0_f64;
let h_eco = 260_000.0_f64;
let eta_mech = 0.92_f64;
let w_expected = (m_total * h_dis - m_suc * h_suc - m_eco * h_eco) * eta_mech;
println!(
"Expected shaft power: {:.0} W = {:.1} kW",
w_expected,
w_expected / 1000.0
);
// Verify that this W closes the energy balance (residual[2] ≈ 0)
let state = vec![m_suc, m_eco, h_suc, h_dis, w_expected];
let mut residuals = vec![0.0; 5];
comp.compute_residuals(&state, &mut residuals).unwrap();
// residual[2] = energy_in - energy_out
// = (ṁ_suc×h_suc + ṁ_eco×h_eco + W/η) - ṁ_total×h_dis
// Should be exactly 0 if W was computed correctly
println!("Energy balance residual: {:.4} J/s", residuals[2]);
assert!(
residuals[2].abs() < 1.0,
"Energy balance residual should be < 1 W, got {:.4}",
residuals[2]
);
}